India After Independence
After 1947, India began to follow an independent foreign policy. It was designed by the first Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. He developed the basic principles of India’s foreign policy. He was the architect of the Non-aligned Movement during the Cold War era. Also, he extended support to colonial countries in their struggle for independence. Nehru outlined the five principles of coexistence or Panch Sheel for conducting relations among countries. They are:
- mutual respect for each other ’s territorial integrity and sovereignty
- non-aggression
- non-interference in each other ’s internal affairs
- equality and mutual benefit and
- peaceful coexistence.
India plays an active role in international bodies such as the Common Wealth and the United Nations Organization. After the Independence, Nehru decided to stay within Common Wealth, an organization consisting of former British colonies. India had also played an active role in the UN peacekeeping forces in various parts of the world. It had sent its troops as part of UN peace-keeping Mission to Korea, Indo-China, Suez Canal and The Congo.
India had to fight three major wars [1965, 1971 and 2000] with Pakistan over the issue of Kashmir.
India maintained friendly relations with both USA and USSR during the Cold War era. In 1971 India and USSR signed the Indo- Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance during the Bangladesh crisis. India and China are the two most important powers of Asia.
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